Environmental asymmetry

McCarthy et al. (1991) show that the optical line emitting gas around radio sources is asymmetric, being preferentially found on the side of the source with a shorter arm-length (i.e., closer to the nucleus). However, GCL show that neither of these properties correlates with the depolarization asymmetry. This implies that there are at least two different phenomena at work, orientation (defined by the jet) and some environmental influence (defined by the optical emission line gas). Any environmental effects should be insensitive to orientation, as the local environment is unaware of where the observer is. In this section I ask how large the environmental effects (principally the arm-length ratio Q) have to be before they overwhelm the orientation effects giving rise to the depolarization asymmetry.

The RM dispersion sigma in the front (+) and back (-) lobes can then be calculated in terms of their projected separations s, the angle theta_0 of the source to the plane of the sky, and the index m (see Section 3.1). To take the simplest example, with m=1,

(sigma_+ / sigma_-) = (s_- / s_+) sqrt[(1 - sin theta_0) / (1 + sin theta_0)]. (1)

Even for a typical angle of 30 degrees, a Q value of sqrt3 (in the correct sense) is needed to give a depolarization asymmetry in the wrong sense. Most Q values are more modest, and the depolarization asymmetry is most marked for quasars, which are not expected to have theta_0 near zero, so that the depolarization asymmetry will be dominated by orientation rather than environmental influences which change the structure of the source.

The correlation of depolarization with arm-length depends on the source orientation. As noted above, the depolarization asymmetry in quasars will tend to be dominated by orientation effects. However, for sources close to the plane of the sky, the arm-length asymmetry will be relatively more important. For example, if s_+/s_- is 0.8, sources within 13 degrees of the plane of the sky will have their depolarization asymmetry dominated by the arm-length asymmetry rather than orientation. The correlation of depolarization with arm-length (Pedelty et al. 1989) is present in galaxies but not in quasars (Garrington & Conway 1991). This provides independent support for schemes unifying radio galaxies and quasars (Barthel 1989) where the radio galaxies are aligned close to the plane of the sky and quasars are seen end on.

The above considered the depolarization asymmetry as simply an arm-length effect, as the depolarization depends on distance from the source centre (Strom & Conway 1985; Strom & Jägers 1988). However, the asymmetry could be due to more material being present on one side of the source. The lack of correlation between the depolarization asymmetry and the optical line emission (GCL) shows that the optical line emitting gas is not responsible for the depolarization, favouring a model where the depolarization is due to the general intracluster medium whereas the structural and optical line asymmetries are due to the jet encountering an isolated cloud.

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Peter Tribble, peter.tribble@gmail.com